Malaria vectors

Malaria vectors
By : Septian Julifar Syamsul Huda

Malaria is an infection caused by the malaria parasite , which is a blood protozoa including :
Phylum : Apicomplexa
Class : Sporozoa
Sub -class : Cocidiidae
Order : Eucoccidiidae
Sub order : Haemosporidiidae
Familia : Plasmodiidae
Genus : Plasmodium
The genus Plasmodium are generally divided into three (3 ) sub- genus is sub- genus plasmodium species that infect humans are Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae , laverania sub- genus species that infect humans are Plasmodium falciparum and sub- genus vinckeia that only infects bats and other rodents ( MOH , 1999) .
Definition of malaria by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) is a disease caused by the malaria parasite ( Plasmodium ) asexual form into the human body that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes ( Anopheles spp ) females . Other definitions of malaria is a type of infectious disease caused by a specific agent that is infective to the intermediate vector and can be deployed from a source of infection to the host . Malaria is one of the infectious diseases that can strike anyone, even resulting in death mainly caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum ( MOH , 2003a ) .
The malaria parasite is transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito life habitat is wet places and humid .

Types of Malaria classified into four , namely :
• tertian malaria , caused by Plasmodium vivax , in which patients feel the fever appears every third day . Is the cause of approximately 43 % of cases of malaria in humans
• quartana Malaria , caused by Plasmodium malariae , the patient felt a fever every fourth day . Cause approximately 7 % of malaria in the world .
• Malaria tropica , caused by Plasmodium falciparum , malaria is the most pathogenic and often fatal . This type of malaria is heaviest , because it can cause serious complications such as cerebral malaria ( cerebral malaria ) , severe anemia , shock , acute renal failure , bleeding , shortness of breath , etc. . This kind of Malaria Patients experiencing irregular fever accompanied by symptoms terserangnya parts of the brain , coma and even entered a phase of sudden death .
• Pernicious Malaria , caused by Plasmodium ovale . Malaria is rarely encountered types , generally many in Africa and the Western Pacific .
• The life cycle of Plasmodium sporozoites in the body include mosquito cycle , and the cycle of trophozoites ( eksoeritrositer and endoeritrositer ) in the human body . Sporogonium cycle ( formation of sporozoites ) characterized by incorporation makrogametosit and mikrogametosit form oocysts containing sporozoites . Mosquito bites will include sporozoites into the human blood circulation . In the human blood circulation , sporozoites enter the liver cells ( hepatocytes ) forming schizonts containing trophozoites . Mature schizonts will rupture and immature trophozoites invade erythrocytes ( red blood cells ) . Trophozoites will have evolved to form schizont maturation and the next . Most trophozoites can form gametocytes ( mikrogametosit and makrogametosit ) , to further undergo fertilization in the mosquito 's body . At the same time the malaria patients complained of fever chills , and a schizont rupture trophozoites secrete into the blood circulation .

Bibliography : Munif , Arul.2009 . Malaria Vector Mosquito Activity and Its Relation to Human Life In Indonesia.Jurnal aspirator Vol . 1 no. 2 in 2009 : 94-102